Māramatanga: 8 Steps in a Basic Pōwhiri Process.
Tēnā tātou Ngāti Meta Whenua whānui.
Introduction.
The pōwhiri is a significant and sacred ceremony in Māori culture, serving as a formal process of welcoming visitors and allowing hosts and guests to establish mutual respect and understanding. It unfolds in several meticulously orchestrated stages, each steeped in tradition and imbued with deep symbolic meaning, reflecting the values of hospitality, respect, and communal harmony inherent in Māori culture. The ceremony begins with the karanga (the call), followed by a series of formal speeches, songs, and gestures, culminating in the sharing of food and informal interaction.
While the specific protocols can vary between different marae and iwi, the essence of the pōwhiri as a bridge between manuhiri (visitors) and tangata whenua (local people) remains a constant, timeless expression of Māori cultural heritage.
1. Karanga (The Call)
This is the first stage of the pōwhiri where women from the host side (tangata whenua) call out to the visitors (manuhiri) to welcome them onto the marae. The karanga is a unique exchange, performed by women, and it sets the tone for the pōwhiri.
2. Whaikōrero (Formal Speeches)
Once the visitors are seated, the formal speeches begin. The speakers from the host side address the visitors, acknowledging the deceased, the purpose of the visit, and extending a welcome. Each speech is usually followed by a waiata (song).
3. Manuhiri Response
After the hosts have spoken, it is the turn of the visitors to respond. A speaker from the manuhiri will acknowledge the hosts, the deceased mentioned, and the welcome extended to them. This is also followed by a waiata from the visitors.
4. Koha (Gift)
After the speeches, the visitors present a koha, or gift, to the hosts. This is usually a monetary donation, given as a token of goodwill and respect.
5. Hongi (Pressing of Noses)
After the formalities are concluded, the hosts and the visitors greet each other with a hongi, the traditional Māori greeting where noses are pressed together, symbolising the sharing of the breath of life.
6. Hākari (Feast)
The pōwhiri usually concludes with a hākari, or feast, where everyone gathers to share food and drink. This is a time for informal interaction and serves to strengthen the bonds between the hosts and the visitors.
7. Waiata (Songs)
Throughout the pōwhiri, waiata are sung after speeches. These songs reinforce the words spoken and pay tribute to ancestors.
8. Whakawhanaungatanga (Building Relationships)
After the formal parts of the pōwhiri, there is usually time for whakawhanaungatanga, or building relationships, where people can talk more informally and get to know each other better.
Each marae may have its variations, and protocols can differ between iwi (tribes) and regions, but the essence and the structure of the pōwhiri remain largely the same across different communities.
We hope this guide has provided you with valuable insights to navigate this enriching cultural event with confidence and reverence. May your time at the Pōwhiri be both memorable and meaningful, deepening your understanding and appreciation of Māori culture and traditions.
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